W A N T E D
SYMBIONESE LIBERATION ARMY SUSPECTS By Gail Ryan, Newton Division
May 22, 1974, the message
from the Office of the Chief of Police read as follows, "A
simple ‘thank you’ for successfully handling a very
difficult mission doesn’t seem to be enough. Through the
coordinated efforts of numerous Department elements, the Symbionese
Liberation Army’s terrorist activities have been effectively
defeated. Though you may hear a hue and cry from some about
the tactics that were used, they are only a whisper in a roar
of support. I want you to know, that as your Chief, I am proud
of every one of you. The mission could not have been handled
better. The SLA was responsible for setting the tone of this
action and they are responsible for its result. I want to extend
my personal gratitude to Assistant Chief Daryl Gates, Captain
Mervin King, and members of SWAT, Metropolitan Division, the
Criminal Conspiracy Section, Newton Division, Scientific Investigation
Division and to all other personnel who directly or indirectly
supported the accomplishment of this mission. Each of you has
significantly contributed to maintaining the professional image
of the Department." Signed: E.M. Davis, Chief of Police,
City of Los Angeles.
It’s hard to believe
it has been twenty-five years since that violent Friday afternoon
in May, 1974, that the City and Nation watched the live news
coverage of the biggest shootout in LAPD history. The chain
of events that set in motion the shootout between the SLA and
the LAPD on May 17,1974 began in Berkeley, California on February
4, 1974. Patricia Campbell Hearst, daughter of Randolph and
Catherine Hearst, was in her apartment with her boyfriend, Steven
Weed, when members of the SLA broke in and kidnapped her. After
Patricia was kidnapped, a series of tape recordings were received
from the SLA. In these recordings, Patricia asked her father
to grant the SLA’s ransom demand of supplying food to
the poor. The basic philosophy and ideals of the SLA were rooted
in terrorist revolutionary concepts. The intent behind the SLA’s
actions was to create revolutionary uprisings among "oppressed"
people. Beginning in the San Francisco area, their plan was
to eventually involve the entire United States. They intended
to draw attention to their cause and enlist supporters by committing
crimes against the "Establishment" such as murder,
kidnapping and robbery. After their demand in the Hearst kidnapping
had been met, (Mr. Hearst had 2.3 million dollars worth of free
food distributed in the San Francisco and Oakland Bay Areas)
the SLA announced that they would free Patricia. As the time
for her release drew near, a tape recording was delivered to
a Berkeley radio station. In this recording Patricia stated,
"I have been given the choice of being released in a safe
area or joining the forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army
and fighting for my freedom and the freedom of all oppressed
people. I have chosen to stay and fight." The "victim"
had now become the "fugitive."
The SLA had been active
in terrorist crimes in the Bay Area prior to Patricia Hearst’s
kidnapping. They were next heard from on April 15, 1974, when
they executed a well planned bank robbery of the Hibernia Bank
in the Sunset Beach district of San Francisco. Patricia Hearst,
armed with a .30 caliber carbine was identified as one of the
suspects. Other SLA members identified in the robbery were Donald
DeFreeze, Nancy Ling Perry, Patricia Soltysid and Camilla Hall.
The robbery netted the SLA $10,960. Two innocent bystanders
were wounded by a burst of automatic weapon fire from Donald
DeFreeze as the group left the bank.
The SLA surfaced in the Los Angeles
area on May 16, 1974, when SLA members, William and Emily Harris
entered Mel’s Sporting Goods Store in Inglewood. In a
foiled shoplifting attempt, William pulled a two-inch revolver
from his waistband and pointed it at one of the store employees.
The gun was wrested from his hand, and an attempt was made to
handcuff William. The clerk succeeded in placing one handcuff
on the suspect’s left wrist, when he heard the sound of
gunfire. From across the street, a female was shooting an automatic
rifle from the driver’s window of her car. As the store
windows shattered, everyone in the store hit the floor. During
the gunfire, the couple escaped, forced another couple out of
their vehicle, and later took an 18-year old boy hostage, along
with his vehicle in Lynwood. The female shooting the rifle was
"Tania" aka: Patricia Hearst. The Harris’s eventually
let the boy go free in the Hollywood Hills, and took another
male hostage, along with his vehicle. Six hours later, they
let this second male go free in Griffith Park.
Sparked
by mounting evidence of SLA presence in the LA area, the FBI
turned its investigation to a parking citation found in an
abandoned SLA van. It had been issued on May 13, 1974, in
front of 835 W. 84th St. An early morning raid of the location
on Friday, May 17, 1974, by both the LAPD and the FBI was
fruitless, as far as suspects go, but three suitcases containing
gas masks, women’s wigs and handbags, SLA literature,
shotgun ammunition, a shortwave radio and medical supplies
were recovered from inside the house. The two vans used by
SLA members, parked in the area during the prior week were
gone.
After the command post at 82nd
Street and Vermont had been deactivated, two SWAT team members
returned to their regular uniformed crime suppression assignment
in the Newton Street Area. At approximately 1220 hours, the
officers observed two vans parked at the rear of 1451 East 53rd
St. Both vans matched the description given at the debriefing
earlier in the day. In order to conceal police presence, two
undercover officers were assigned to check the vans for identification
numbers and registrations. While looking for the ID numbers,
the officers discovered that the keys had been hidden in both
vehicles. The vans’ registration numbers returned to nonexistent
addresses in the Bay Area. A chain of events had now started
that would end in a shootout and the fiery death of six people.
Around the same time, an anonymous phone call came into the
Newton Police Station. A woman stated that several Caucasian
females and males were staying at her daughter’s house
at 1462 E. 54th St., and that they had numerous handguns and
rifles. This call confirmed the whereabouts of the SLA. Then
another anonymous phone call to Newton Station informed police
that two Caucasian females had been seen sneaking their way
through the back yards of a Black neighborhood to 5311 S. Compton
Ave.
At 1600 hours on May 17
, 1974, more than 410 officers of the Los Angeles Police Department,
under the command of Captain Mervin King, along with the FBI,
CHP, and LAFD established a command post at 57th and Alba
Ave. The next three hours would become historic. Despite evacuation
warnings, the residents of 1451 East 54th and 5337 Compton
Ave. refused to leave their homes, and were directed by SWAT
team members to lie on the floor. These people remained in
their homes throughout the gunfight. Many of them found themselves
pinned down by heavy gunfire. As the battle progressed, some
of these people changed their minds, and during lulls in the
gunfire, were then evacuated.
At 1745 hours, the squad leader of SWAT
Team One used a bullhorn to broadcast, "Occupants of
1466 E. 54th St., this is the Los Angeles Police Department
speaking. Come out with your hands up!" A small child
walked out, along with an older man. The man claimed no one
else was in the house, though the child stated that several
people were in the house with guns and ammo belts. At 1753
hours, after several failed attempts to get anyone else to
leave the house, a member of SWAT fired two 509 CS Flite-rite
tear gas projectiles through the top of the west window. As
soon as the second gas projectile dispersed, heavy bursts
of automatic gunfire came from inside the front and rear of
the house. Numerous bullets struck 54th St. and the buildings
across from and to the rear of the SLA hideout. The gun battle
continued, with very heavy automatic weapons fire coming from
inside the house. The SWAT teams continued to respond to this
fire with semiautomatic weapons, shotguns and tear gas. When
a SWAT officer attempted to fire another round of tear gas
into a window from a nearby roof, he was met with heavy machine
gun fire from inside the house. More tear gas was fired. At
1841 hours, the house was on fire. A broadcast pleads, "Come
on out! The house is on fire! You will not be harmed."
There was no response. The house became fully engulfed in
flames, and two women left from the rear of the house and
one came out the front. All were taken into custody, but were
found to not be part of the SLA. At 1850 hours, the SWAT team
started receiving automatic weapons fire from air vents in
the foundation of the house. Nancy Ling Perry, wearing military
fatigues with a hunting knife attached to a web belt, comes
out of a crawl hole. A second female, Camilla Hall, starts
to emerge from the crawl hole, firing an automatic pistol
toward members of SWAT. At this time, automatic weapons fire
is still coming from the crawl hole behind Camilla Hall. Members
of Swat fire in the direction of Camilla Hall and she drops
to the ground and is dragged back through the crawl hole,
out of view. Nancy Ling Perry falls approximately ten feet
from the crawl hole. At 1859 hours, the squad leader of Team
One informs the Fire Department that the hostile fire from
1466 E. 54th Street had ceased. He then requests that the
Fire Department move their equipment to the scene of the incident.
At 1900 hours, after hostile fire had ceased, and while ammunition
is still exploding inside, the Fire Department began extinguishing
the fire at the location and at the three adjacent residences.
All fires were out by 1930 hours.
After the shooting had ceased and the
fire had been extinguished, the task of locating evidence
and removing bodies from the burned residence fell on investigators
from Scientific Investigation Division, Criminal Conspiracy
Section, the FBI, and the LA County Coroner’s Office.
The locating, collecting and identification of evidence at
the site began immediately after the removal of the fifth
body on May 17th, and continued until May 19th. On May 19th
at 0945 hours, investigators sifting through ashes and rubble,
discovered a sixth body. Tons of debris had to be sifted,
and every area searched in order to recover possible evidence.
As the search progressed, it became evident that the SLA members
had armed themselves with a veritable arsenal of weapons.
Nineteen firearms, including rifles, pistols, and shotguns
were recovered from the burned structure.
As the parents of Patricia Hearst waited
and prayed that their daughter wasn’t among the dead,
the LA County Coroner’s Office began the task of identifying
the bodies. Coroner Thomas Noguchi personally phoned Patricia’s
tycoon father to assure him that his daughter was not among
the dead. The other SLA members’ parents had to learn
of their children’s deaths from Dr. Noguchi’s
press conference. The dead SLA members would later be identified
as: Nancy Ling Perry, age 26; Angela Atwood, age 25; William
Wolfe, age 23; Donald DeFreeze aka: Cinque, age 30; Patricia
Soltysik, age 24; and Camilla Hall, age 29 years.
The seventies had been the "Age
of Aquarius," social activists, anti-Vietnam War protestors,
political and civil rights activists, the Chicago Eight and
the SLA. Twenty-five years later, the racially mixed SLA is
still remembered for the night they went out in a "blaze
of glory" for their beliefs, in one of the most dramatic
police confrontations in the annals of police history. The
SLA, which had holed up unnoticed in the Bay Area, met their
"Waterloo" in South Central Los Angeles, when "rich
white girls with guns" running through alleys stood out,
fatally blowing their cover. Patricia Hearst and the Harris’s
eventually would be caught in San Francisco’s Mission
district on Sept. 18, 1975. Following an eight-week trial
for bank robbery and weapons charges, Patricia was convicted
and sentenced to seven years in prison, a sentence ultimately
commuted by then President, Jimmy Carter. She married her
bodyguard, a San Francisco policeman, became a housewife and
mother and tried to slip quietly into history. Her mother,
Catherine, who had been targeted by an assassin in June 1972,
divorced Patricia’s father in 1978. On December 30,
1989, one month short of twenty-five years after her daughter’s
kidnapping, she died. A few weeks later, FBI Agent Bates,
who was in charge of the San Francisco investigation, died.
Lt. Joe Sonlitner, in charge of SWAT, had already passed away
on November 4, 1977. The bomb and ammunitions expert, Detective
Arleigh McCree, was killed on February 8, 1986, in a bomb
explosion. LAPD’s Chief of Police, Ed Davis, would retire
and become a California State Senator. Ass’t. Chief
Gates became Chief. Captain King, who was in charge of the
SLA investigation, retired. Newton Division’s watch
commander that night, Lt. Pat McKinley, went to SWAT and eventually
became Chief of Police in Fullerton, California. Of course,
the house at 1466 E. 54th St. is gone, and all that remains
is a palm tree in a vacant lot and ghosts.
The author would like to thank The Los Angeles Police Historical Society and Community Education Center, retired Captain, Mervin
King, and the Officers of Newton Division (including the author)
who were there that night, for their input into this account.